lisp

http://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/questions/9173/how-to-install-a-lisp-compiler

• Clozure CL (CCL), fast/compact native code compiler
• SBCL, fast native code compiler
• Embedded Common Lisp (ECL), uses a C compiler for code generation
• GNU CLISP, small footprint due to its own virtual machine
• ABCL, runs on top of the JVM (the Java Virtual Machine)
• GNU Common Lisp (GCL), uses a C compiler for code generation

Commercial/proprietary:

• LispWorks, fast native code compiler with GUI toolkit supporting GTK+ and integrated development environment

For all above GNU Emacs (the editor), SLIME (the Lisp development environment extension for Emacs) and Quicklisp (a software library manager for Common Lisp) will provide a useful development environment.
If you want to learn Lisp programming, I recommend to use SBCL. It's freely available, widely used and has the best compiler. The SBCL compiler can give a lot of feedback and warns about many problems (like syntax errors and undefined variables/functions).
Example Setup with Clozure Common Lisp
I've described how you get and set up Clozure Common Lisp together with Emacs/SLIME/Quicklisp for use on a Raspberry Pi and similar computers:
http://lispm.de/ccl
Clozure CL is a full featured Common Lisp implementation with a quick compiler which generates native ARM code. You'll also get fast start up times and a relatively small memory footprint.
Actually the page above was running on a Raspberry Pi. It currently runs on an ODROID - which is also ARM-based and also runs Ubuntu GNU Linux. It uses LispWorks and a lisp-based web server. I serve it from home with a VDSL connection, so just try it later if it is not available...